The war between Britain and France
In the late eighteenth century, battles raged in almost every corner of Europe, as well as in the Middle East, south Africa ,the West Indies, and Latin America. In reality, however, there was only one major war during this time, the war between Britain and France. All other battles were ancillary to this larger conflict, and were often at least partially related to its antagonist’ goals and strategies. France sought total domination of Europe . this goal was obstructed by British independence and Britain’s efforts throughout the continent to thwart Napoleon; through treaties. Britain built coalitions (not dissimilar in concept to today’s NATO) guaranteeing British participation in all major European conflicts. These two antagonists were poorly matched, insofar as they had very unequal strengths; France was predominant on land, Britain at sea. The French knew that, short of defeating the British navy, their only hope of victory was to close all the ports of Europe to British ships. Accordingly, France set out to overcome Britain by extending its military domination from Moscow t Lisbon, from Jutland to Calabria. All of this entailed tremendous risk, because France did not have the military resources to control this much territory and still protect itself and maintain order at home.
French strategists calculated that a navy of 150 ships would provide the force necessary to defeat the British navy. Such a force would give France a three-to-two advantage over Britain. This advantage was deemed necessary because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology because of Britain’s superior sea skills and technology, and also because Britain would be fighting a defensive war, allowing it to win with fewer forces. Napoleon never lost substantial impediment to his control of Europe. As his force neared that goal, Napoleon grew increasingly impatient and began planning an immediate attack.
不列颠与法国之间的战争
十八世纪底，欧洲、南非、西印度群岛和拉丁美洲的几乎每一个角落都爆发了战争，中东和美国。事实上，在这期间只有一场主要的战争，英国和法国之间的战争。所有其他的战斗都是这场更大冲突的辅助，通常至少与对手的目标和战略有一定关系。法国谋求完全控制欧洲。这一目标被英国独立和英国在整个大陆挫败拿破仑的努力所阻挠；通过条约。英国建立联盟（与今天北约的概念没有什么不同）保证英国参与所有主要的欧洲冲突。这两个对手实力悬殊，实力悬殊，法国在陆地上占优势，英国在海上。法国人知道，除了击败英国海军，他们唯一获胜的希望是关闭欧洲所有港口到英国船只。因此，法国出发去克服英国扩展其军事占领从莫斯科到里斯本，从日德兰半岛到卡拉布里亚。所有这些都带来巨大的风险，因为法国没有军事资源来控制这一大片领土，仍然保护自己，维持国内秩序。
法国战略家们计算出，一艘由150艘军舰组成的海军将为打败英国海军提供必要的力量。这样的力量将使法国比英国有三比2的优势。这种优势被认为是必要的，因为英国高超的海上技能和技术是因为英国高超的海上技能和技术，也因为英国将进行防御战，使其能够以较少的兵力取胜。拿破仑在控制欧洲方面从未失去过实质性的障碍。当他的部队接近这个目标时，拿破仑变得越来越急躁，开始计划立即进攻。
